The legal action is the latest lawsuit filed by Biden as he prepares to plead not guilty to federal firearms charges next week after a previous deal with prosecutors fell apart.
Biden, 53, has also sued a former White House adviser who served under Trump, as well as the US Internal Revenue Service. Republicans have focused their attacks on Hunter Biden, as the Democratic president seeks re-election next year.
His trial in Delaware on federal gun charges is the first-ever prosecution of the son of a sitting U.S. president, and comes as Biden could again face Trump, who himself faces four criminal cases.
Trump and congressional Republicans, without evidence, have separately accused the Democratic president of benefiting, while he was vice president between 2009 and 2017, from his son’s foreign business dealings. The White House has denied the allegations.