The average agricultural exploitation in Spain has almost 47 hectares, has more than 35 livestock units and employs 1.8 work units per year, of which just over two-fifths are salaried. The Net Value Added (NPV) —remuneration of all the production factors used in the production process— per exploitation was close to 54,000 euros.
The data correspond to the provisional results of the National Agrarian Accounting Network (RECAN) —annual survey with harmonized methodology throughout the EU on a sample of 9,200 commercial agricultural holdings— corresponding to the year 2019, the main results of which are:
The average farm in Spain it has 46.9 hectares, of which 19.6 (41.7%) are leased, it has 36 livestock units (LU), and employs 1.8 work units per year (UTAs), of which slightly more than two-fifths are wage earners.
Total Gross Production (PBT) It was 93,041 euros per farm, with a structure of: vegetable production (60.5%), animal production (38.5%), the rest corresponding to other production, including other lucrative activities. This average result varies when analyzed according to the productive orientation of the agricultural holdings:
- The farms with the highest PBT per farm correspond to the granivores (pigs and birds) with 436,474 euros per farm, followed by horticulture, with 209,269 euros per farm, herbivores (cattle, sheep and goats), with 100,493 euros per farm, and woody crops (fruit trees, olive groves and vineyards), with 61,446 euros per farm.
- On the contrary, farms with a predominance of crops herbaceous (cereals, oilseeds, protein crops and other extensive annual crops) they are the ones with the lowest value, with a PBT of 57,994 euros per farm, that is, the differential between the highest and lowest is just over seven times.
- Something similar, although with much less variability, occurs when PBT is analyzed by autonomous communities: the community with the highest value is Murcia, with 117,735 euros per farm, compared to Madrid, with 58,033 euros per farm. In this case, the differential between the highest and the lowest is slightly more than double.
Total Costs (TC) reached the value of 67,820 euros per farm, which is equivalent to almost three-quarters of the PBT, with the following structure: total specific costs (45%), general costs (24%), cost of external factors (23%) and the rest corresponds to amortizations (8%).
- Within the specific costs we can differentiate those corresponding to crops (seeds, fertilizers, phytosanitary products and others), with an average value of 11,546 euros per farm, and those corresponding to livestock (feed, fodder, veterinary expenses and others), with an average value of 18,447 euros per farm.
- The overhead costs, with a value of 16,357 euros per operation, it is made up of: energy, with 4,690 euros; maintenance of machinery and buildings (4,025 euros), works by third parties and leasing of machinery (2,829 euros), and other general costs (4,813 euros).
- Finally, the costs of external productive factors, with a value of 15,648 euros per operation, it is made up of: salaries and social security contributions with 12,548 euros, leases (2,833 euros) and interest paid, with a value of 267 euros per operation.
Current Grants they were 12,373 euros per farm, of which 16% correspond to payments coupled to crops and livestock, 69% to decoupled payments, 14% are rural development aid and the rest to other subsidies.
Balance of a farm
When analyzing the balance Of the agricultural holdings, the average value of the assets was 372,098 euros per farm, its main component being permanent land and crops, with a value of 184,372 euros per farm, while the rest is distributed between buildings, machinery and breeding livestock. . Liabilities (loans pending repayment) reached an average value of 14,435 euros per operation, which represents around 4% of total assets.
The Net Added Value (NPV), which constitutes the remuneration of all the production factors used in the production process, was 53,866 euros per exploitation. The amount of net current subsidies, which was 12,996 euros per farm, represented approximately a quarter of the NPV.
The Net Added Value per Work Unit Year (VAN / UTA) it was 30,668 euros per farm on average. Only 50% of all farms exceeded the value of 20,847 euros per farm.
The Net Operating Income (RNE), which constitutes the remuneration of the own production factors used in the production process, as well as business risks, was 38,096 euros per exploitation.