Occupational respiratory diseases cause disability, sick leave and morbidity and mortality, affecting well-being and productivity. Above all, because the approach to pathologies must be led by a multidisciplinary group; relating the workplace, functions and symptoms of each individual. Since, in this way, an action plan is carried out to minimize risks and preserve the health of all people; that in some way or another are exposed.
The workplace can be the cause of respiratory diseases
In fact, the indoor environment; from a factory or an office; may be contaminated with waste substances; particulate matter; steam or smoke. That quite possibly with the naked eye they are not perceived; but in the face of repeated and prolonged exposure, they become a trigger for conditions that weaken health.
Thus, the people in charge of occupational health must identify the etiology of these affectations; At the same time, it is necessary to look for mechanisms to correct the generating situations. In such a way as to protect the health and safety at work of employees. At the same time, the efficiency and therefore the finances of the companies are increased.
- In fact, asthma, characterized by airflow limitations; bronchial hyperactivity and inflation and narrowing of the airways; It is considered by many as the main occupational respiratory disease. Since, it has a high prevalence; more than 339 million people suffer from this disease in the world; and it is considered that 25% of cases are acquired or aggravated under a work environment.1
- Likewise, the inhalation of inorganic powders; that occur more easily in mines or factories; they have an immediate impact on the state of health. But, in many cases the related consequences do not appear until years later. Hence, pneumoconioses have serious consequences for the lungs. Because fibrosis and alveolar inflammation lead to life-threatening respiratory failure.2
- In the same way, we can talk about allergies and intoxications, caused with everyday products; like chlorine, ammonia, aerosols and solvents. That when used regularly or released by accident, can irritate the mucous membranes. In addition, they increase the risk of affecting the lungs and developing bronchiolitis or pulmonary edema. Likewise, exposure to carbon monoxide can cause death.3
Protective measures that give health
We can see that occupational respiratory diseases are produced to a greater extent, due to the activity carried out. Therefore, looking for mechanisms to avoid risk factors is the best option. Hence, the possibilities of making ventilation adjustments are reviewed; accompanied by the implementation of protection elements.
At the same time, it is necessary to find efficient methods of storage and handling of toxic substances; as well as implementing prevention programs. Similarly, you should have regular medical examinations and watch for any symptoms; to seek medical guidance. Since, in this way, greater repercussions, such as lung cancer, can be avoided.
References:
1.World Health Organization. Asthma. Data and numbers. [internet] 2021[ consultado 4 mayo 2021]. Available in: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma.
- CONTRERAS T GUSTAVO, TORREALBA J BERNARDITA, SALINAS F MAURICIO. Work related respiratory diseases in Chile: Law 16.744. Rev. chil. sick breathe. [Internet]. 2014 Mar [citado 2021 Mayo 04]; 30 (1): 27-34. Available in:
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-73482014000100005&lng=es.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73482014000100005.
3.Mauricio salinas, José A. Del Solar. OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES. Rev. Med. Clinc.Las Cond. [internet] 2015.[ consultado 4 mayo 2021]; 26 (3) .: 357-366. Available in:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S071686401500070X.