Diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world, and Mexico is no exception.
Ischemic heart disease
Chronic ischemic heart disease is a syndrome characterized by a decrease in the supply of oxygenated blood to the myocardium. Which, from a structural, functional or structural point of view affects the free flow of blood of one or more epicardial coronary arteries or of the coronary microcirculation.
Its main pathophysiological substrate is coronary atherosclerosis, defined as a complex and progressive inflammatory process involving numerous mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction. Lipid peroxidation, overexpression of cell adhesion molecules, calcium salt deposits as well as intravascular thrombosis, among others.
The most common clinical manifestation
The most common clinical manifestation is angina pectoris (angor pectoris); however, there are cases of patients with chronic myocardial ischemia who remain asymptomatic for long periods of time (silent ischemia), for example in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy.
Chronic is arbitrarily defined when symptoms remain
stable for at least the last two months. That is, there are no changes in the presentation of symptoms such as an increase in frequency or intensity of chest pain episodes or a decrease in the threshold for presentation of them.
INCIDENCE IN MEXICO
Data from the General Directorate of Epidemiology under the Ministry of Health indicate diseases of the cardiovascular system as the main cause of global death in the Mexican population. Being ischemic heart disease the main responsible for deaths of cardiac origin.
Chronic ischemic heart disease is the most frequent form of presentation of coronary artery disease, it is the cause of a high number of deaths and partial and permanent disability of those who suffer from it.
In the Mexican Institute of Social Security, it constitutes the first cause of cardiology medical care in third-level medical care units.
Furthermore, the vast majority of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease are patients of full working age. Therefore, this disease not only directly affects the patient but also their entire family, social and work environment, constituting a high social cost and a real public health problem.
Why a guide?
The Clinical Practice Guide for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease is part of the Guidelines that will make up the Master Catalog of Clinical Practice Guidelines, which will be implemented through the Specific Action Program of Clinical Practice Guidelines, in accordance with the strategies and lines of action considered by the Health Sector Program 2007-2012.
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